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History MCQ, Class-10th, Chapter-1, The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Geography MCQ, Class 10, Chapter-7, Lifelines Of national Economy
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What was the primary force that fostered unity in India’s nationalist movement?
(a) Economic prosperity
(b) Anti-colonial struggle
(c) Religious reforms
(d) Linguistic diversity
Explanation: The anti-colonial movement created a shared sense of oppression, uniting diverse groups against British rule, despite varied experiences and notions of freedom, forging a collective national identity.
2. How did the Congress under Mahatma Gandhi attempt to unify diverse groups?
(a) By enforcing a single ideology
(b) Through economic reforms
(c) By integrating them into one movement
(d) Via military alliances
Explanation: Gandhi’s Congress sought to unite various social groups under a single national movement, despite internal conflicts, by channeling their grievances into a collective struggle for independence.
3. What economic impact did the First World War have on India?
(a) Reduced taxes
(b) Increased defense expenditure and taxes
(c) Stabilized prices
(d) Improved agricultural exports
Explanation: The war led to higher defense spending, financed by war loans, raised customs duties, and introduced income tax, causing prices to double between 1913 and 1918, creating hardship.
4. What caused widespread anger in rural India during the First World War?
(a) High agricultural profits
(b) Forced recruitment of soldiers
(c) Reduced land taxes
(d) Improved food supplies
Explanation: Forced recruitment in rural areas during the war caused widespread anger, as villages were compelled to supply soldiers, exacerbating hardships amid crop failures and epidemics.
5. What was the impact of crop failures in 1918-19 and 1920-21 in India?
(a) Increased food exports
(b) Acute food shortages and epidemics
(c) Economic prosperity
(d) Reduced taxes
Explanation: Crop failures in 1918-19 and 1920-21 led to acute food shortages, worsened by an influenza epidemic, resulting in 12 to 13 million deaths, as per the 1921 census.
6. What was the core principle of Mahatma Gandhi’s satyagraha?
(a) Violent resistance
(b) Economic boycotts
(c) Non-violent truth-seeking
(d) Political negotiations
Explanation: Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and non-violence, aiming to win battles by appealing to the oppressor’s conscience, believing truth would triumph without physical force.
7. Where did Mahatma Gandhi first apply satyagraha in India in 1917?
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Champaran
(c) Kheda
(d) Delhi
Explanation: In 1917, Gandhi organized a satyagraha in Champaran, Bihar, inspiring peasants to resist the oppressive plantation system, marking his first major non-violent campaign in India.
8. Why did peasants in Kheda demand relief in 1917?
(a) High crop yields
(b) Crop failure and plague epidemic
(c) Increased land ownership
(d) Reduced taxes
Explanation: Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, Kheda peasants could not pay revenue and demanded relaxation of revenue collection, leading to Gandhi’s satyagraha.
9. What was the purpose of the Rowlatt Act satyagraha in 1919?
(a) Promote British education
(b) Oppose repressive laws
(c) Support war efforts
(d) Encourage foreign trade
Explanation: The Rowlatt Act(1919) allowed detention without trial, prompting Gandhi to launch a nationwide satyagraha to resist this unjust law through non-violent civil disobedience.
10. What powers did the Rowlatt Act grant to the British government?
(a) Land reforms
(b) Repression of political activities
(c) Educational reforms
(d) Tax exemptions
Explanation: The Rowlatt Act(1919) gave the British government authority to repress political activities, including detaining political prisoners without trial for two years, sparking widespread opposition.
Science MCQ, NCERT Based, Class 10th11. What action marked the start of the Rowlatt satyagraha on 6 April 1919?
(a) Mass arrests
(b) Nationwide hartal
(c) Armed protests
(d) Diplomatic talks
Explanation: Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal on 6 April 1919 to protest the Rowlatt Act, involving rallies, strikes, and shop closures to demonstrate non-violent resistance.
12. What was General Dyer’s stated objective at Jallianwala Bagh?
(a) Promote peace
(b) Create terror and awe
(c) Support nationalists
(d) Distribute aid
Explanation: General Dyer’s objective at Jallianwala Bagh was to produce a “moral effect” by instilling terror and awe in satyagrahis through brutal violence, killing hundreds.
13. Why did Gandhi call off the Rowlatt satyagraha?
(a) British concessions
(b) Spread of violence
(c) Lack of support
(d) Economic success
Explanation: Gandhi halted the Rowlatt satyagraha due to increasing violence, such as attacks on banks and railway stations, which contradicted the non-violent principles of the movement.
14. What was the main goal of the Khilafat Committee formed in 1919?
(a) Economic reforms
(b) Defend the Khalifa’s powers
(c) Promote education
(d) Support British rule
Explanation: The Khilafat Committee, formed in Bombay in 1919, aimed to defend the Ottoman Khalifa’s temporal powers, threatened by a harsh post-war treaty, uniting Muslims in protest.
15. Who collaborated with Gandhi on the Khilafat issue?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: The Ali brothers, Muhammad and Shaukat, worked with Gandhi to launch a united mass action combining the Khilafat issue with the demand for swaraj.
16. What did Gandhi propose in Hind Swaraj(1909)?
(a) Violent rebellion
(b) Non-cooperation with British rule
(c) Economic reforms
(d) Religious unity
Explanation: In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi argued that British rule survived due to Indian cooperation and proposed non-cooperation to collapse it within a year, achieving swaraj.
17. What was the first stage of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
(a) Armed resistance
(b) Surrender of government titles
(c) Mass migration
(d) Tax reforms
Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement began with surrendering government-awarded titles, followed by boycotts of civil services, army, police, courts, schools, and foreign goods.
18. Why did some Congress members oppose the Non-Cooperation Movement?
(a) Fear of economic losses
(b) Reluctance to boycott council elections
(c) Support for British rule
(d) Lack of leadership
Explanation: Some Congress members were reluctant to boycott the 1920 council elections, fearing the movement might lead to violence and preferring political participation within British institutions.
19. When was the Non-Cooperation programme adopted by Congress?
(a) September 1920
(b) December 1920
(c) January 1921
(d) April 1919
Explanation: After intense debates, a compromise was reached, and the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted at the Congress session in Nagpur in December 1920.
20. Which social group primarily initiated the Non-Cooperation Movement in cities?
(a) Peasants
(b) Middle class
(c) Industrial workers
(d) Tribal communities
Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement in cities was driven by the middle class, with students, teachers, and lawyers boycotting government institutions and participating in protests.
21. Why did the Justice Party in Madras not boycott council elections?
(a) Support for British rule
(b) Desire for non-Brahman power
(c) Economic incentives
(d) Lack of awareness
22. What was the economic impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement on foreign cloth imports?
(a) Increased imports
(b) Halved import value
(c) No change
(d) Tripled import value
23. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement slow down in cities?
(a) Lack of leadership
(b) High cost of khadi
(c) British concessions
(d) Increased foreign trade
24. Who led the peasant movement in Awadh during 1920?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Baba Ramchandra
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
25. What was a key demand of the Awadh peasant movement?
(a) Higher wages
(b) Abolition of begar
(c) More land ownership
(d) Educational reforms
26. What was the Oudh Kisan Sabha established for?
(a) Promote British policies
(b) Support peasant grievances
(c) Encourage foreign trade
(d) Reform education
27. What unauthorized actions did Awadh peasants take in 1921?
(a) Paid higher taxes
(b) Looted bazaars
(c) Joined British councils
(d) Planted more crops
28. Who led the Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Vallabhbhai Patel
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose
29. What sparked the militant guerrilla movement in Gudem Hills?
(a) High taxes
(b) Forest access restrictions
(c) Educational reforms
(d) Urban migration
30. Who led the Gudem Hills rebellion?
(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju
(b) Baba Ramchandra
(c) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(d) Motilal Nehru
31. What did Assam plantation workers associate with swaraj?
(a) Higher wages
(b) Freedom of movement
(c) Land ownership
(d) Educational access
32. Why were Assam plantation workers beaten during the Non-Cooperation Movement?
(a) For striking
(b) For leaving plantations
(c) For joining Congress
(d) For paying taxes
33. What incident led Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
(a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(b) Chauri Chaura violence
(c) Simon Commission protests
(d) Rowlatt Act passage
34. What was the purpose of the Swaraj Party formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru?
(a) Promote violent revolution
(b) Participate in council elections
(c) Support British policies
(d) Boycott foreign goods
35. What economic issue fueled unrest in the late 1920s?
(a) Rising agricultural prices
(b) Worldwide economic depression
(c) Increased exports
(d) Stable revenues
36. Why was the Simon Commission protested in 1928?
(a) It included Indian members
(b) It lacked Indian representation
(c) It proposed tax reforms
(d) It supported independence
37. What was the Congress’s response to the vague ‘dominion status’ offer in 1929?
(a) Immediate acceptance
(b) Demand for Purna Swaraj
(c) Boycott of elections
(d) Support for British rule
38. When was Independence Day first celebrated as per the Lahore Congress?
(a) 26 January 1930
(b) 15 August 1929
(c) 6 April 1919
(d) 5 March 1931
39. Why did Gandhi choose salt as a symbol for the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) It was a luxury item
(b) It united all classes
(c) It was untaxed
(d) It was imported
40. What was the distance of Gandhi’s Salt March?
(a) 120 miles
(b) 240 miles
(c) 360 miles
(d) 480 miles
41. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement differ from Non-Cooperation?
(a) It avoided law-breaking
(b) It encouraged breaking colonial laws
(c) It focused only on cities
(d) It excluded peasants
42. What action did people take during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Paid extra taxes
(b) Manufactured salt
(c) Joined British councils
(d) Imported foreign goods
43. How did the British respond to the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Granted independence
(b) Arrested Congress leaders
(c) Reduced taxes
(d) Held elections
44. What was agreed upon in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931?
(a) Full independence
(b) Release of political prisoners
(c) Tax abolition
(d) Council elections
45. Why did Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932?
(a) Success of the Round Table Conference
(b) New British concessions
(c) Renewed government repression
(d) Economic recovery
46. Why did rich peasants like the Patidars support the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) For land redistribution
(b) Against high revenues
(c) For higher wages
(d) For educational reforms
47. Why did poor peasants join radical movements during Civil Disobedience?
(a) For tax reductions
(b) To remit unpaid rent
(c) For land ownership
(d) For better wages
48. Why was Congress reluctant to support ‘no rent’ campaigns?
(a) Fear of alienating rich peasants
(b) Support for landlords
(c) Focus on urban issues
(d) Lack of funds
49. How did Indian industrialists support the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) By joining British councils
(b) Providing financial assistance
(c) Importing foreign goods
(d) Opposing boycotts
50. Why did industrial workers participate selectively in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
(a) Fear of British repression
(b) Focus on their own demands
(c) Support for industrialists
(d) Lack of awareness