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NCERT Geography MCQ, 10th Class
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?
(a) Geothermal energy
(b) Solar radiation
(c) Tidal energy
(d) Nuclear energy
Explanation: Solar radiation is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system, driving processes like heating, evaporation, and atmospheric circulation.
2. Which gas constitutes the largest portion of the atmosphere?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Argon
Explanation: Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas.
3. Which atmospheric layer is closest to the Earth's surface?
(a) Stratosphere
(b) Troposphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Thermosphere
Explanation: The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere, where weather and climate phenomena occur.
4. What is the approximate height of the troposphere at the equator?
(a) 8 km
(b) 13 km
(c) 18 km
(d) 50 km
Explanation: The troposphere extends to about 18 km at the equator due to strong convectional currents.
5. Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Helium
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is transparent to incoming solar radiation but opaque to outgoing terrestrial radiation, trapping heat and causing the greenhouse effect.
6. What is the average temperature lapse rate in the troposphere?
(a) 1°C per 165 m
(b) 2°C per 100 m
(c) 1°C per 1000 m
(d) 3°C per 500 m
Explanation: The temperature decreases by approximately 1°C for every 165 meters of height in the troposphere.
7. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Exosphere
Explanation: The ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation, is located in the stratosphere between 10 and 50 km.
8. What is the primary role of ozone in the atmosphere?
(a) Absorbs infrared radiation
(b) Reflects visible light
(c) Absorbs ultraviolet radiation
(d) Traps carbon dioxide
Explanation: Ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun, protecting life on Earth from harmful radiation.
9. Which atmospheric layer has electrically charged particles called ions?
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Ionosphere
(d) Exosphere
Explanation: The ionosphere, located between 80 and 400 km, contains ions that reflect radio waves back to Earth.
10. What is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere?
(a) Mesosphere
(b) Thermosphere
(c) Exosphere
(d) Stratosphere
Explanation: The exosphere is the highest layer, gradually merging with outer space.
NCERT Geography MCQ, 11th Class11. Which particles act as hygroscopic nuclei for cloud formation?
(a) Nitrogen molecules
(b) Dust and salt particles
(c) Oxygen molecules
(d) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Dust and salt particles serve as nuclei around which water vapor condenses to form clouds.
12. What is the primary source of dust particles in the atmosphere?
(a) Volcanic eruptions
(b) Sea salts
(c) Industrial emissions
(d) All of the above
Explanation: Dust particles originate from various sources, including sea salts, volcanic ash, and industrial activities.
13. Which region has the highest concentration of dust particles?
(a) Polar regions
(b) Equatorial regions
(c) Subtropical regions
(d) Temperate regions
Explanation: Subtropical regions have higher dust concentrations due to dry winds and arid conditions.
14. What is the temperature at the tropopause over the equator?
(a) -45°C
(b) -80°C
(c) -100°C
(d) 0°C
Explanation: The temperature at the tropopause over the equator is approximately -80°C.
15. Which gas is found in negligible quantities at 120 km altitude?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Argon
Explanation: Oxygen is almost negligible at 120 km due to the thinning of the atmosphere at higher altitudes.
16. What is the primary function of water vapor in the atmosphere?
(a) Reflects solar radiation
(b) Absorbs insolation and preserves heat
(c) Increases atmospheric pressure
(d) Reduces temperature
Explanation: Water vapor absorbs solar energy and retains heat, acting like a blanket to regulate Earth's temperature.
17. Where is water vapor most abundant in the atmosphere?
(a) Polar regions
(b) Tropics
(c) Temperate regions
(d) Deserts
Explanation: Water vapor is most abundant in the warm and wet tropics, where it can account for up to 4% of the air by volume.
18. Which atmospheric layer experiences a temperature increase with altitude?
(a) Troposphere
(b) Mesosphere
(c) Thermosphere
(d) Exosphere
Explanation: In the thermosphere, temperature increases with height due to the absorption of solar radiation by ions.
19. What separates the troposphere from the stratosphere?
(a) Mesopause
(b) Tropopause
(c) Stratopause
(d) Ionopause
Explanation: The tropopause is the boundary separating the troposphere from the stratosphere.
20. Which element of weather influences cloud formation?
(a) Temperature
(b) Pressure
(c) Humidity
(d) Winds
Explanation: Humidity, particularly water vapor, is essential for condensation and cloud formation.
21. What is the primary cause of the greenhouse effect?
(a) Burning of fossil fuels
(b) Deforestation
(c) Carbon dioxide absorption of terrestrial radiation
(d) Ozone depletion
22. Which layer of the atmosphere is most important for biological activity?
(a) Stratosphere
(b) Troposphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Ionosphere
23. What is the approximate height of the stratosphere?
(a) 8–13 km
(b) 13–50 km
(c) 50–80 km
(d) 80–400 km
24. Which atmospheric layer has the lowest temperature?
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Thermosphere
25. What is the primary source of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere?
(a) Volcanic activity
(b) Burning of fossil fuels
(c) Deforestation
(d) Ocean evaporation
26. Which gas is essential for photosynthesis?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Argon
27. What is the primary role of the ionosphere?
(a) Absorbs UV radiation
(b) Reflects radio waves
(c) Regulates temperature
(d) Produces clouds
28. Which layer of the atmosphere merges with outer space?
(a) Thermosphere
(b) Exosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Stratosphere
29. What is the primary source of sea salt particles in the atmosphere?
(a) Volcanic eruptions
(b) Ocean spray
(c) Industrial emissions
(d) Soil erosion
30. Which atmospheric layer is least understood?
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Exosphere
(d) Mesosphere