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NCERT Based Science MCQ, Class 10th
NCERT Based Geography MCQ, Class 10th
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. Who visualized a utopian world of democratic republics in 1848?
(a) Giuseppe Mazzini
(b) Frédéric Sorrieu
(c) Eugene Delacroix
(d) Johann Gottfried Herder
Explanation: Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, created four prints in 1848 depicting a utopian vision of democratic republics, with people honoring Liberty, symbolizing global unity and freedom.
2. What did the shattered remains in Sorrieu’s first print symbolize?
(a) Democratic institutions
(b) Economic systems
(c) Absolutist institutions
(d) Religious institutions
Explanation: In Sorrieu’s 1848 print, the shattered remains on the ground represent absolutist institutions, symbolizing the overthrow of repressive monarchical systems in favor of democratic nation-states.
3. Which nations led the procession in Sorrieu’s utopian vision?
(a) France and Germany
(b) Italy and Poland
(c) Britain and Russia
(d) United States and Switzerland
Explanation: In Sorrieu’s 1848 print, the United States and Switzerland lead the procession past the Statue of Liberty, as established republics, symbolizing the spread of democracy.
4. What did the torch in the Statue of Liberty’s hand represent in Sorrieu’s print?
(a) Enlightenment
(b) Revolution
(c) Justice
(d) Unity
Explanation: The torch held by the Statue of Liberty in Sorrieu’s 1848 print symbolizes the Enlightenment, representing reason and the spread of progressive ideas across nations.
5. According to Ernst Renan, what defines a nation?
(a) Common language and race
(b) Unified territory
(c) Shared history and collective will
(d) Economic prosperity
Explanation: Ernst Renan defined a nation as a shared history and collective will to live together, emphasizing solidarity and sacrifices over linguistic or territorial unity.
6. What term did Renan use for a nation’s daily affirmation?
(a) Sovereignty
(b) Plebiscite
(c) Constitution
(d) Nationalism
Explanation: Renan described a nation’s existence as a “daily plebiscite,” a continuous affirmation by its people through shared commitment and sacrifices for a common future.
7. What was the key outcome of the 1789 French Revolution for nationalism?
(a) Transfer of sovereignty to citizens
(b) Expansion of empire
(c) Restoration of monarchy
(d) Feudal system creation
Explanation: The 1789 French Revolution transferred sovereignty from the monarchy to citizens, fostering a national identity based on collective rights and unity.
8. What French revolutionary concept emphasized equal rights?
(a) Feudalism and serfdom
(b) La patrie and le citoyen
(c) Absolutism and monarchy
(d) Imperialism and conquest
Explanation: The French Revolution’s “la patrie”(fatherland) and “le citoyen”(citizen) promoted a united community with equal rights under a national constitution.
9. What symbol replaced the royal standard in revolutionary France?
(a) Red cap
(b) Imperial eagle
(c) Tricolour flag
(d) Fleur-de-lis
Explanation: The tricolour flag replaced the royal standard during the French Revolution, symbolizing the shift to a national identity rooted in liberty and equality.
10. What was the Estates General renamed during the French Revolution?
(a) Jacobin Club
(b) National Assembly
(c) Constitutional Convention
(d) People’s Congress
Explanation: The Estates General, elected by active citizens, was renamed the National Assembly, symbolizing the transfer of power to the people during the revolution.
NCERT Based History MCQ, Class-9th11. What administrative reform did French revolutionaries introduce?
(a) Regional autonomy
(b) Feudal privileges
(c) Uniform laws and measures
(d) Monarchical centralization
Explanation: French revolutionaries abolished internal customs duties and introduced uniform laws and standardized measures to create a cohesive national administrative system.
12. What was the French revolutionaries’ mission for Europe?
(a) Economic dominance
(b) Establishing monarchies
(c) Liberating peoples from despotism
(d) Promoting feudalism
Explanation: French revolutionaries aimed to liberate European peoples from despotic rule, spreading nationalist ideals to help other regions form nation-states.
13. Who formed Jacobin clubs in Europe post-revolution?
(a) Monarchs and aristocrats
(b) Educated middle classes
(c) Peasants and serfs
(d) Clergy and nobility
Explanation: Educated middle-class professionals and students formed Jacobin clubs, inspired by the French Revolution, to promote revolutionary and nationalist ideas across Europe.
14. What did Andreas Rebmann’s 1798 almanac cover depict?
(a) Storming of the Bastille and a German fortress
(b) French military victories
(c) Unification of Italy
(d) Greek independence
Explanation: Rebmann’s 1798 almanac showed the French Bastille and a German fortress, symbolizing revolutionary action against despotism in France and Germany.
15. What was a key feature of Napoleon’s 1804 Civil Code?
(a) Restoration of feudalism
(b) Equality before the law
(c) Monarchical privileges
(d) Religious dominance
Explanation: The Napoleonic Code abolished birth-based privileges, established legal equality, and secured property rights, promoting a rational administrative system.
16. What did Napoleon abolish in his controlled regions?
(a) Democratic elections
(b) Feudal system and serfdom
(c) National currencies
(d) Religious institutions
Explanation: Napoleon freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues, abolishing feudalism in regions he controlled to modernize administration and promote equality.
17. Why did locals initially welcome French armies in Holland?
(a) Military alliances
(b) Economic benefits
(c) Religious reforms
(d) Promise of liberty
Explanation: Locals in Holland and Switzerland welcomed French armies as liberators, expecting revolutionary ideals to bring political freedom and equality to their regions.
18. Why did support for French rule later decline?
(a) Religious suppression
(b) Increased taxation and conscription
(c) Lack of reforms
(d) Restoration of monarchy
Explanation: Support for French rule waned due to heavy taxation, censorship, and forced conscription, which overshadowed the benefits of administrative reforms in conquered regions.
19. What did the Tree of Liberty in Zweibrücken’s 1798 print mock?
(a) French liberation
(b) Economic prosperity
(c) German unification
(d) French oppression
Explanation: The 1798 Zweibrücken print sarcastically depicted French soldiers as oppressors, with the Tree of Liberty mocking French claims of bringing freedom and equality.
20. What did the letters in the 1813 Napoleon caricature represent?
(a) Military victories
(b) New alliances
(c) Lost territories
(d) Economic reforms
Explanation: The 1813 caricature showed letters falling from Napoleon’s bag, labeled with territories lost after the Battle of Leipzig, symbolizing his declining European control.
21. What characterized mid-eighteenth-century Europe politically?
(a) Unified nation-states
(b) Fragmented kingdoms and duchies
(c) Democratic republics
(d) Colonial empires
22. Which class dominated eighteenth-century European society?
(a) Peasantry
(b) Middle-class professionals
(c) Landed aristocracy
(d) Industrial workers
23. What unified the Habsburg Empire’s diverse peoples?
(a) Common language
(b) Shared religion
(c) Allegiance to the emperor
(d) Unified economy
24. What social group emerged from industrialization in Western Europe?
(a) Middle classes
(b) Landed aristocracy
(c) Serfs
(d) Clergy
25. What did liberalism advocate in early nineteenth-century Europe?
(a) Monarchical rule
(b) Freedom and equality before the law
(c) Feudal privileges
(d) Religious control
26. Who were excluded from voting in revolutionary France?
(a) Property-owning men
(b) Aristocrats
(c) Women and non-propertied men
(d) Clergy
27. What economic principle did liberalism in the 1800s promote?
(a) State-controlled markets
(b) Feudal landholding
(c) Freedom of markets
(d) Monopolistic trade
28. What was the Zollverein established in 1834?
(a) Military alliance
(b) Political confederation
(c) Customs union
(d) Religious organization
29. What did Friedrich List say was the Zollverein’s purpose?
(a) Economic unification of Germans
(b) Military expansion
(c) Cultural preservation
(d) Religious reform
30. What did conservatives prioritize after Napoleon’s 1815 defeat?
(a) Democratic reforms
(b) Preservation of traditional institutions
(c) Economic liberalization
(d) Territorial expansion
31. Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Napoleon Bonaparte
(c) Duke Metternich
(d) King Louis Philippe
32. What was the Treaty of Vienna’s primary objective in 1815?
(a) Promote democracy
(b) Unify Germany
(c) Undo Napoleonic changes
(d) Expand French territories
33. What feature defined conservative regimes post-1815?
(a) Universal suffrage
(b) Censorship laws
(c) Economic liberalization
(d) Religious tolerance
34. Who did Metternich call the most dangerous enemy of the social order?
(a) Napoleon Bonaparte
(b) Giuseppe Otto Mazzini
(c) Lord Byron
(d) Otto von Bismarck
35. What was the primary aim of Mazzini’s Young Italy movement?
(a) Economic reforms
(b) Restoration of monarchy
(c) Unification of Italy into a republic
(d) Religious unity
36. What event sparked the 1830 July Revolution in France?
(a) Economic reforms
(b) Greek independence
(c) Overthrow of Bourbon kings
(d) Napoleonic wars
37. What was the outcome of the 1830 Brussels uprising?
(a) Unification with France
(b) Belgium’s independence
(c) Restoration of monarchy
(d) Economic reforms
38. When did the Greek war of independence begin?
(a) 1815
(b) 1821
(c) 1830
(d) 1848
39. Who died fighting in the Greek war of independence in 1824?
(a) Giuseppe Mazzini
(b) Lord Byron
(c) Otto von Bismarck
(d) Johann Herder
40. Which treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation?
(a) Treaty of Constantinople
(b) Treaty of Vienna
(c) Treaty of Versailles
(d) Treaty of Paris
41. What movement emphasized emotions and national heritage?
(a) Classicism
(b) Romanticism
(c) Realism
(d) Modernism
42. Who identified true German culture with the common people?
(a) Ernst Renan
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Johann Herder
(d) Karol Kurpinski
43. What Polish dances became nationalist symbols?
(a) Waltz and tango
(b) Polonaise and mazurka
(c) Jig and reel
(d) Samba and rumba
44. How did Polish clergy resist Russian dominance in 1831?
(a) Economic boycotts
(b) Armed rebellion
(c) Using Polish in religious instruction
(d) Diplomatic negotiations
45. What caused economic hardship in Europe in the 1830s?
(a) Religious conflicts
(b) Population increase and unemployment
(c) Colonial expansion
(d) Political stability
46. What sparked the 1848 Paris uprising?
(a) Religious reforms
(b) Monarchical restoration
(c) Food shortages and unemployment
(d) Territorial expansion
47. What was the outcome of the 1845 Silesian weavers’ revolt?
(a) Higher wages granted
(b) Military suppression
(c) Economic reforms
(d) Political representation
48. What did German liberals demand in 1848?
(a) Restoration of monarchy
(b) Feudal privileges
(c) Constitutional nation-state
(d) Religious unity
49. Why did the Frankfurt Parliament fail in 1848?
(a) Lack of public support
(b) Foreign invasion
(c) Opposition from monarchy and military
(d) Economic collapse
50. What issue was controversial in the 1848 liberal movement?
(a) Economic reforms
(b) Women’s political rights
(c) Monarchical restoration
(d) Religious freedom