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Geography MCQ, Class-11, Chapter-1, Geography as a Discipline
Biology MCQ, Class-12, Chapter-13/15, Biodiversity and Conservation
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What is the term for the energy received by the Earth from the sun?
(a) Terrestrial radiation
(b) Insolation
(c) Albedo
(d) Convection
Explanation: Insolation refers to the incoming solar radiation received by the Earth's surface, as it is the energy from the sun that reaches the Earth in short wavelengths.
2. What is the average amount of solar energy received at the top of the Earth's atmosphere?
(a) 1.94 calories per sq. cm per minute
(b) 2.5 calories per sq. cm per minute
(c) 1.2 calories per sq. cm per minute
(d) 3.0 calories per sq. cm per minute
Explanation: The Earth receives an average of 1.94 calories per square centimeter per minute at the top of its atmosphere, as stated in the document.
3. What is the Earth's position called when it is farthest from the sun?
(a) Perihelion
(b) Aphelion
(c) Solstice
(d) Equinox
Explanation: Aphelion is the position of the Earth when it is farthest from the sun, occurring on July 4th at a distance of 152 million km.
4. On which date is the Earth closest to the sun?
(a) July 4th
(b) January 3rd
(c) June 21st
(d) December 22nd
Explanation: The Earth is closest to the sun on January 3rd, known as perihelion, at a distance of 147 million km.
5. Which factor has the least influence on the variability of insolation at the Earth's surface?
(a) Rotation of the Earth
(b) Transparency of the atmosphere
(c) Angle of inclination of the sun's rays
(d) Length of the day
Explanation: The transparency of the atmosphere and the configuration of land have less influence on insolation variability compared to factors like Earth's rotation, angle of inclination, and day length.
6. What is the angle of the Earth's axis with the plane of its orbit around the sun?
(a) 23.5°
(b) 66.5°
(c) 90°
(d) 45°
Explanation: The Earth's axis makes an angle of 66.5° with the plane of its orbit, significantly affecting the amount of insolation received at different latitudes.
7. Why do higher latitudes receive less insolation?
(a) Vertical sun rays cover more area
(b) Slant sun rays cover more area
(c) The atmosphere is more transparent
(d) The Earth's rotation is faster
Explanation: At higher latitudes, the sun's rays are slanted, covering a larger area and resulting in less energy per unit area, as well as passing through a greater depth of the atmosphere.
8. What causes the red color of the rising and setting sun?
(a) Absorption of light
(b) Scattering of light
(c) Reflection of light
(d) Diffusion of light
Explanation: The red color of the rising and setting sun is due to the scattering of light by small particles in the troposphere, which scatters shorter wavelengths and allows longer red wavelengths to dominate.
9. Where is the maximum insolation received on Earth's surface?
(a) Equatorial regions
(b) Subtropical deserts
(c) Polar regions
(d) Mid-latitudes
Explanation: Subtropical deserts receive maximum insolation (about 320 Watt/m²) due to minimal cloud cover, as mentioned in the document.
10. Which process involves the transfer of heat through the horizontal movement of air?
(a) Conduction
(b) Convection
(c) Advection
(d) Radiation
Explanation: Advection is the transfer of heat through the horizontal movement of air, which is significant in causing diurnal weather variations.
Geography MCQ, Class-9th, Chapter-5, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife
11. What is terrestrial radiation?
(a) Short-wave radiation from the sun
(b) Long-wave radiation emitted by the Earth
(c) Radiation reflected by clouds
(d) Radiation absorbed by the atmosphere
Explanation: Terrestrial radiation is the long-wave radiation emitted by the Earth's surface after being heated by insolation, which heats the atmosphere from below.
12. Which gas primarily absorbs long-wave terrestrial radiation?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Helium
Explanation: Carbon dioxide, along with other greenhouse gases, absorbs long-wave terrestrial radiation, contributing to the heating of the atmosphere.
13. What is the albedo of the Earth?
(a) The absorbed solar radiation
(b) The reflected amount of radiation
(c) The transmitted heat
(d) The scattered light
Explanation: Albedo is the percentage of solar radiation reflected back to space, with 35 units of the incoming 100 units reflected, as per the heat budget.
14. How much of the insolation is absorbed by the Earth's surface?
(a) 14 units
(b) 51 units
(c) 35 units
(d) 65 units
Explanation: According to the heat budget, 51 units of the incoming insolation are absorbed by the Earth's surface.
15. What maintains the Earth's temperature balance?
(a) Equal insolation and terrestrial radiation
(b) Absorption of all insolation
(c) Reflection of all radiation
(d) Convection in the troposphere
Explanation: The Earth's temperature remains constant because the amount of insolation received (65 units) equals the amount of terrestrial radiation returned to space (65 units).
16. Where is there a surplus of net radiation balance?
(a) Polar regions
(b) Between 40°N and 40°S
(c) Mid-latitudes
(d) Equatorial regions only
Explanation: There is a surplus of net radiation balance between 40 degrees north and south, as shown in the latitudinal variation of radiation balance.
17. What is the normal lapse rate of temperature decrease with height?
(a) 6.5°C per 1,000 m
(b) 10°C per 1,000 m
(c) 3°C per 1,000 m
(d) 8°C per 1,000 m
Explanation: The normal lapse rate is the rate at which temperature decreases with altitude, which is 6.5°C per 1,000 meters.
18. Why do places near the sea have less temperature variation?
(a) Land heats and cools faster
(b) Sea heats and cools slowly
(c) Ocean currents are absent
(d) Sea has higher albedo
Explanation: The sea heats and cools more slowly than land, moderating temperature variations in coastal areas through sea and land breezes.
19. Which ocean current influences higher temperatures in the North Atlantic?
(a) Labrador Current
(b) Gulf Stream
(c) Canary Current
(d) Benguela Current
Explanation: The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift are warm ocean currents that make the Northern Atlantic Ocean warmer, bending isotherms northward.
20. What is the mean January temperature in the equatorial oceans?
(a) Over 27°C
(b) 2°C
(c) -18°C
(d) 10°C
Explanation: The mean January temperature in equatorial oceans is over 27°C, as stated in the temperature distribution section.
21. In which month do isotherms show more deviation in the northern hemisphere?
(a) July
(b) January
(c) March
(d) September
22. What is the temperature range between January and July in the north-eastern Eurasian continent?
(a) 3°C
(b) 60°C
(c) 20°C
(d) 10°C
23. What is an inversion of temperature?
(a) Normal decrease in temperature with height
(b) Increase in temperature with height
(c) Constant temperature with height
(d) Rapid temperature change
24. What promotes stability in the lower atmosphere during a surface inversion?
(a) Strong winds
(b) Clear skies and still air
(c) Heavy rainfall
(d) Cloud cover
25. What is the term for cold air flowing down slopes in hills and mountains?
(a) Convection
(b) Advection
(c) Air drainage
(d) Radiation
26. According to Plank's law, what happens to the wavelength of radiation as a body gets hotter?
(a) Wavelength increases
(b) Wavelength decreases
(c) Wavelength remains constant
(d) Wavelength doubles
27. What is specific heat?
(a) Energy to melt one gram of substance
(b) Energy to raise the temperature of one gram by 1°C
(c) Energy to vaporize one gram
(d) Energy to freeze one gram
28. On which date is the sun directly overhead at noon at 23.5°N?
(a) December 22nd
(b) June 21st
(c) March 21st
(d) September 23rd
29. In which city are the days the longest during the summer solstice?
(a) Tiruvananthapuram
(b) Chandigarh
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Nagpur
30. What primarily heats the atmosphere?
(a) Short-wave solar radiation
(b) Long-wave terrestrial radiation
(c) Reflected solar radiation
(d) Scattered solar radiation
31. What is the percentage of visible light reflected by an object called?
(a) Insolation
(b) Albedo
(c) Isotherm
(d) Annual range
32. Why do subtropical areas experience higher temperatures than the equator?
(a) Less cloud cover in subtropics
(b) Longer summer days
(c) Enhanced greenhouse effect
(d) Proximity to oceans
33. How does the Earth's tilt affect insolation?
(a) Causes uniform insolation globally
(b) Varies insolation by latitude
(c) Prevents insolation at poles
(d) Increases insolation at equator
34. What process involves heat transfer through direct contact?
(a) Convection
(b) Advection
(c) Conduction
(d) Radiation
35. Where is convection confined in the atmosphere?
(a) Stratosphere
(b) Troposphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Thermosphere
36. What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?
(a) Terrestrial radiation
(b) Insolation
(c) Albedo
(d) Convection
37. How much insolation is reflected back from the top of clouds?
(a) 2 units
(b) 27 units
(c) 14 units
(d) 51 units
38. What is the role of water vapor in the atmosphere?
(a) Reflects all insolation
(b) Absorbs near-infrared radiation
(c) Scatters ultraviolet radiation
(d) Emits short-wave radiation
39. What causes the blue color of the sky?
(a) Absorption of red light
(b) Scattering of visible light
(c) Reflection of blue light
(d) Diffusion of ultraviolet light
40. Which region receives the least insolation?
(a) Tropics
(b) Subtropics
(c) Poles
(d) Mid-latitudes
41. What is the effect of land and sea distribution on insolation?
(a) Masks variation in solar output
(b) Increases insolation at equator
(c) Decreases insolation over oceans
(d) Causes uniform insolation
42. What is the primary factor controlling temperature distribution?
(a) Altitude
(b) Latitude
(c) Ocean currents
(d) Local aspects
43. How does altitude affect temperature?
(a) Increases temperature
(b) Decreases temperature
(c) No effect
(d) Causes inversion
44. What moderates temperature in coastal areas?
(a) Land breezes
(b) Sea breezes
(c) Cold air masses
(d) High albedo
45. Which factor causes high temperature in places with warm ocean currents?
(a) High albedo
(b) Warm air masses
(c) Low latitude
(d) Warm ocean currents
46. What are isotherms?
(a) Lines of equal pressure
(b) Lines of equal temperature
(c) Lines of equal humidity
(d) Lines of equal insolation
47. Why do isotherms deviate in January in the northern hemisphere?
(a) Smaller land area
(b) Larger land area
(c) Uniform ocean currents
(d) High cloud cover
48. What is the mean January temperature in the Eurasian continental interior?
(a) 2°C to 0°C
(b) -18°C to -48°C
(c) Over 27°C
(d) 10°C
49. Why is the temperature variation more gradual in the southern hemisphere?
(a) Larger land area
(b) Smaller land area
(c) Stronger ocean currents
(d) Higher albedo
50. What is the temperature along the 40°S latitude in July?
(a) 10°C
(b) 20°C
(c) 30°C
(d) 0°C