Geography MCQ, Class-11, Chapter-4, Distribution of Oceans And Continents
Biology MCQ, Class-12, Chapter-9, Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What are isobars used to represent on weather maps?
(a) Temperature variations
(b) Equal pressure levels
(c) Wind speed
(d) Humidity levels
Explanation: Isobars are lines on weather maps connecting places with equal atmospheric pressure, adjusted to sea level for consistency. They help analyze pressure systems and wind patterns effectively.
2. Which pressure system is characterized by the lowest pressure at its center?
(a) High-pressure system
(b) Low-pressure system
(c) Geostrophic system
(d) Anticyclonic system
Explanation: A low-pressure system has the lowest pressure at its center, surrounded by isobars. It is associated with rising air, cloud formation, and often stormy weather conditions.
3. Where is the equatorial low-pressure belt typically located?
(a) Near the poles
(b) Around 30°N and 30°S
(c) Near the equator
(d) Along 60°N and 60°S
Explanation: The equatorial low-pressure belt forms near the equator due to intense solar heating, causing warm air to rise, creating low pressure and the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
4. What is the name of the high-pressure areas found around 30°N and 30°S?
(a) Polar highs
(b) Subtropical highs
(c) Subpolar lows
(d) Equatorial highs
Explanation: Subtropical highs are high-pressure areas around 30°N and 30°S, formed due to sinking air from the Hadley cell, resulting in clear skies and dry conditions.
5. Which pressure belt is known as the subpolar low?
(a) Near the equator
(b) Around 60°N and 60°S
(c) Near the poles
(d) Around 30°N and 30°S
Explanation: Subpolar lows are low-pressure belts around 60°N and 60°S, where warm and cold air masses meet, causing rising air and stormy weather conditions.
6. What causes the oscillation of pressure belts seasonally?
(a) Earth’s rotation
(b) Apparent movement of the sun
(c) Ocean currents
(d) Frictional force
Explanation: Pressure belts shift with the sun’s apparent movement, moving south in the northern hemisphere winter and north in summer, influencing seasonal weather patterns.
7. Which force is responsible for setting air in motion due to pressure differences?
(a) Coriolis force
(b) Frictional force
(c) Pressure gradient force
(d) Gravitational force
Explanation: The pressure gradient force drives air from high to low pressure areas, initiating wind movement. Its strength depends on the pressure difference over a distance.
8. Where is the frictional force most significant in affecting wind speed?
(a) Upper atmosphere
(b) At the earth’s surface
(c) Over the oceans
(d) At high altitudes
Explanation: Frictional force is greatest at the earth’s surface due to interaction with terrain, slowing wind speed. Its effect diminishes with altitude, typically up to 1-3 km.
9. Who described the Coriolis force?
(a) Isaac Newton
(b) Gustave Coriolis
(c) Benjamin Franklin
(d) Albert Einstein
Explanation: The Coriolis force, described by French physicist Gustave Coriolis in 1844, results from Earth’s rotation, deflecting winds to the right in the northern hemisphere.
10. In which hemisphere does the Coriolis force deflect wind to the left?
(a) Northern Hemisphere
(b) Southern Hemisphere
(c) Both hemispheres
(d) Neither hemisphere
Explanation: In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis force deflects winds to the left due to Earth’s rotation, impacting wind direction around pressure systems.
Geography MCQ, Class 10, Chapter-7, Lifelines Of national Economy
11. Where is the Coriolis force absent?
(a) At the poles
(b) At the equator
(c) At 30°N
(d) At 60°S
Explanation: The Coriolis force is zero at the equator because the rotational effect of Earth is minimal, allowing winds to blow directly across isobars.
12. What is the relationship between the Coriolis force and latitude?
(a) Inversely proportional
(b) Directly proportional
(c) No relation
(d) Constant at all latitudes
Explanation: The Coriolis force increases with latitude, being maximum at the poles and zero at the equator, affecting wind deflection more at higher latitudes.
13. Why do tropical cyclones not form near the equator?
(a) Strong Coriolis force
(b) Absence of Coriolis force
(c) High pressure systems
(d) Cold ocean temperatures
Explanation: The absence of the Coriolis force at the equator prevents the necessary rotational motion for tropical cyclone formation, causing low pressure to fill instead.
14. What is the name of the wind that blows parallel to isobars in the absence of friction?
(a) Cyclonic wind
(b) Geostrophic wind
(c) Anticyclonic wind
(d) Gradient wind
Explanation: Geostrophic wind occurs when the pressure gradient force balances the Coriolis force, causing winds to blow parallel to straight isobars in the upper atmosphere.
15. What type of wind circulation is associated with a low-pressure system?
(a) Anticyclonic circulation
(b) Cyclonic circulation
(c) Geostrophic circulation
(d) Divergent circulation
Explanation: Cyclonic circulation occurs around low-pressure systems, with winds spiraling inward and upward, leading to cloud formation and precipitation.
16. In the Northern Hemisphere, how do winds circulate around a high-pressure system?
(a) Anticlockwise
(b) Clockwise
(c) Perpendicular to isobars
(d) Parallel to isobars
Explanation: In the Northern Hemisphere, winds around a high-pressure system (anticyclone) circulate clockwise due to the combined effects of the Coriolis force and pressure gradient.
17. What happens to air over a low-pressure area at the surface?
(a) Diverges and sinks
(b) Converges and rises
(c) Remains stationary
(d) Moves parallel to isobars
Explanation: Over a low-pressure area, air converges at the surface and rises, leading to cloud formation and precipitation, as it is forced upward by converging winds.
18. Which factor does NOT influence the general circulation of the atmosphere?
(a) Latitudinal variation of heating
(b) Earth’s rotation
(c) Distribution of continents and oceans
(d) Local temperature fluctuations
Explanation: The general circulation is driven by large-scale factors like latitudinal heating, Earth’s rotation, and continent-ocean distribution, not localized temperature changes.
19. What is the name of the atmospheric cell in the tropics?
(a) Ferrel cell
(b) Polar cell
(c) Hadley cell
(d) Mid-latitude cell
Explanation: The Hadley cell operates in the tropics, where warm air rises at the ITCZ, moves poleward, sinks at 30°N and S, and returns as trade winds.
20. Which winds are associated with the Ferrel cell?
(a) Easterlies
(b) Westerlies
(c) Trade winds
(d) Polar winds
Explanation: The Ferrel cell in mid-latitudes drives westerlies, which are prevailing winds blowing from west to east, influencing weather patterns in these regions.
21. What is the primary energy source for Earth’s general atmospheric circulation?
(a) Ocean currents
(b) Solar radiation
(c) Earth’s rotation
(d) Frictional force
22. What is the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) characterized by?
(a) High pressure and sinking air
(b) Low pressure and rising air
(c) Cold air masses
(d) Divergent winds
23. Why does air sink at 30°N and 30°S latitudes?
(a) High insolation
(b) Cooling of air
(c) Low pressure
(d) Strong Coriolis force
24. Which cell is responsible for polar easterlies?
(a) Hadley cell
(b) Ferrel cell
(c) Polar cell
(d) Mid-latitude cell
25. What phenomenon is associated with the warming of the central Pacific Ocean?
(a) La Niña
(b) El Niño
(c) Southern Oscillation
(d) Monsoon
26. What is the combined phenomenon of El Niño and Southern Oscillation called?
(a) ENSO
(b) ITCZ
(c) Monsoon
(d) Jet stream
27. Which region experiences heavy rainfall during a strong ENSO event?
(a) Australia
(b) India
(c) West coast of South America
(d) China
28. What causes the seasonal shift in wind circulation patterns?
(a) Earth’s rotation
(b) Shifting of maximum heating regions
(c) Ocean currents
(d) Frictional force
29. Which region experiences the most pronounced seasonal wind shifts?
(a) Polar regions
(b) Southeast Asia
(c) Mid-latitudes
(d) Equatorial regions
30. What causes a sea breeze during the day?
(a) Land cooling faster than sea
(b) Land heating faster than sea
(c) High pressure over land
(d) Low pressure over sea
31. When does a land breeze typically occur?
(a) During the day
(b) At night
(c) At noon
(d) At dusk
32. What is the name of the wind that blows up a valley during the day?
(a) Mountain wind
(b) Katabatic wind
(c) Valley breeze
(d) Sea breeze
33. What is a katabatic wind?
(a) Warm wind on leeward slopes
(b) Cool air draining into valleys
(c) Wind blowing up valleys
(d) Sea breeze at night
34. What type of wind forms on the leeward side of mountains due to adiabatic warming?
(a) Valley breeze
(b) Foehn wind
(c) Sea breeze
(d) Polar easterlies
35. What defines an air mass?
(a) Small temperature variations
(b) Large body with uniform temperature and humidity
(c) High wind speeds
(d) Rapid pressure changes
36. Which is a source region for air masses?
(a) Tropical rainforests
(b) Warm tropical oceans
(c) Urban areas
(d) Mountain ranges
37. Which air mass is characterized as warm and moist?
(a) Continental polar
(b) Maritime tropical
(c) Continental arctic
(d) Continental tropical
38. What type of air mass forms over cold, snow-covered continents?
(a) Maritime polar
(b) Continental arctic
(c) Maritime tropical
(d) Continental tropical
39. What is the boundary zone between two different air masses called?
(a) Isobar
(b) Front
(c) Cyclone
(d) Anticyclone
40. What is the process of front formation called?
(a) Cyclogenesis
(b) Frontogenesis
(c) Anticyclogenesis
(d) Divergence
41. Which type of front occurs when cold air moves toward warm air?
(a) Warm front
(b) Cold front
(c) Stationary front
(d) Occluded front
42. What characterizes a stationary front?
(a) Rapid movement
(b) No movement
(c) Warm air overtaking cold air
(d) Cold air lifting warm air
43. What happens in an occluded front?
(a) Warm air is fully lifted above the surface
(b) Cold air remains stationary
(c) Warm air moves over cold air
(d) Two cold air masses meet
44. Where do extra-tropical cyclones typically form?
(a) Near the equator
(b) Along the polar front
(c) Over tropical oceans
(d) At the ITCZ
45. What type of circulation develops in an extra-tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?
(a) Clockwise
(b) Anticlockwise
(c) Parallel to isobars
(d) Divergent
46. Which front in an extra-tropical cyclone moves faster?
(a) Warm front
(b) Cold front
(c) Stationary front
(d) Occluded front
47. What type of clouds are associated with a cold front in an extra-tropical cyclone?
(a) Stratus clouds
(b) Cumulus clouds
(c) Cirrus clouds
(d) Nimbostratus clouds
48. How do extra-tropical cyclones differ from tropical cyclones?
(a) Lack a frontal system
(b) Originate only over seas
(c) Have a clear frontal system
(d) Are more destructive
49. Where do tropical cyclones typically originate?
(a) Over land
(b) Over warm tropical oceans
(c) Near the poles
(d) In mid-latitudes
50. What is a necessary condition for tropical cyclone formation?
(a) Strong Coriolis force
(b) Cold ocean temperatures
(c) High vertical wind shear
(d) Low pressure at the poles