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NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What is a landform in simple terms?
(a) A large tract of the earth's surface
(b) Small to medium tracts of the earth's surface
(c) A collection of landscapes
(d) A type of geomorphic agent
Explanation: A landform is defined as small to medium-sized parts of the earth's surface, distinguished by their shape, size, and materials, resulting from geomorphic processes.
2. What constitutes a landscape?
(a) A single landform
(b) Several related landforms together
(c) A type of erosion process
(d) A geomorphic agent
Explanation: Landscapes are large tracts of the earth's surface made up of several related landforms, forming a broader geographical feature.
Haryana News & Job Alerts on WhatsApp3. What primarily causes the evolution of landforms?
(a) Human activity
(b) Geomorphic processes and agents
(c) Volcanic eruptions
(d) Earth’s rotation
Explanation: Landforms evolve due to the slow or fast actions of geomorphic processes (e.g., erosion, deposition) and agents (e.g., water, wind, glaciers).
4. Which factor can alter the intensity of geomorphic processes?
(a) Changes in climatic conditions
(b) Earth’s magnetic field
(c) Ocean tides
(d) Solar radiation
Explanation: Climatic changes or landmass movements can modify the intensity or type of geomorphic processes, leading to new landform transformations.
5. What does the term "evolution" imply in the context of landforms?
(a) Formation of new continents
(b) Stages of transformation of landforms
(c) Sudden disappearance of landforms
(d) Creation of artificial landforms
Explanation: Evolution refers to the gradual transformation of landforms through stages, similar to youth, maturity, and old age.
6. Which stage of landform development is compared to "youth"?
(a) Initial formation with active erosion
(b) Complete flattening of the surface
(c) Extensive deposition
(d) Absence of streams
Explanation: The youth stage involves vigorous erosion, such as down-cutting by streams, shaping the landform initially.
7. What are the two important aspects of landform evolution?
(a) Erosion and deposition
(b) Weathering and volcanic activity
(c) Tectonic movement and sedimentation
(d) Climate and gravity
Explanation: Erosion degrades the land surface, while deposition builds it up, both being key to landform evolution.
8. Which geomorphic agent is most significant in humid regions?
(a) Wind
(b) Running water
(c) Glaciers
(d) Waves
Explanation: Running water, due to heavy rainfall, is the dominant agent in humid regions for shaping the earth's surface.
9. What happens to a landform once it is formed?
(a) It remains unchanged
(b) It may change due to continued geomorphic action
(c) It disappears immediately
(d) It becomes a landscape
Explanation: Landforms evolve over time due to ongoing erosion, deposition, or climatic changes.
10. What is a peneplain?
(a) A steep mountain slope
(b) A deep valley
(c) An almost flat plain formed by stream erosion
(d) A glacial trough
Explanation: A peneplain is a lowland of faint relief formed by prolonged stream erosion, leaving resistant remnants like monadnocks.
NCERT MCQ, Biology 11th11. Which process follows erosion in altering the earth’s surface?
(a) Weathering
(b) Deposition
(c) Tectonic uplift
(d) Volcanism
Explanation: Deposition follows erosion, depositing eroded materials and further modifying the surface.
12. What causes a landmass to pass through stages like youth, maturity, and old age?
(a) Human interference
(b) Geomorphic processes over time
(c) Sudden seismic activity
(d) Changes in sea level
Explanation: Landforms evolve through stages due to the slow, continuous action of geomorphic processes.
13. What is the primary source of energy for geomorphic agents?
(a) Solar radiation
(b) Gravity
(c) Earth’s core heat
(d) Wind pressure
Explanation: Gravity drives agents like running water and glaciers, enabling erosion and deposition.
14. Which agent is least likely to dominate in arid regions?
(a) Wind
(b) Running water
(c) Glaciers
(d) Waves
Explanation: Glaciers require cold, moist conditions, making them rare in arid regions where wind and occasional water dominate.
15. What is a monadnock?
(a) A type of river valley
(b) A resistant remnant in a peneplain
(c) A depositional feature
(d) A wind-eroded rock
Explanation: Monadnocks are low, resistant rock remnants that stand out in an eroded peneplain.
16. How do landforms typically change over time?
(a) Rapidly and unpredictably
(b) Slowly due to geomorphic processes
(c) Only through human activity
(d) Instantly due to earthquakes
Explanation: Most geomorphic processes are slow, causing gradual changes in landform shape and size.
17. What can trigger a shift in the type of geomorphic processes?
(a) Vertical or horizontal landmass movements
(b) Changes in atmospheric pressure
(c) Ocean currents
(d) Lunar phases
Explanation: Tectonic movements can alter gradients or climates, changing the dominant processes.
18. Which landform feature indicates a history of development?
(a) Uniform shape
(b) Changes through time
(c) Static composition
(d) Lack of erosion
Explanation: Every landform has a developmental history reflected in its transformations over time.
19. What is the end result of prolonged erosion by running water?
(a) High mountains
(b) A peneplain
(c) Deep canyons
(d) Sand dunes
Explanation: Prolonged stream erosion reduces relief to form an almost flat peneplain.
20. Why do landforms take a long time to form?
(a) Geomorphic agents are weak
(b) Processes are mostly slow
(c) Earth’s surface is static
(d) Materials are indestructible
Explanation: Actions of geomorphic agents like water and wind are typically gradual, requiring long periods to shape landforms.
21. What are the two components of running water?
(a) Overland flow and linear flow
(b) Groundwater and waves
(c) Wind and streams
(d) Glaciers and rivers
22. Which type of rivers create most erosional landforms?
(a) Old rivers with gentle gradients
(b) Youthful rivers with steep gradients
(c) Mature rivers with wide floodplains
(d) Rivers in arid climates
23. What happens to stream velocity as gradients become gentler?
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) Remains constant
(d) Stops completely
24. Which process dominates in the youth stage of a river?
(a) Deposition
(b) Lateral erosion
(c) Down-cutting
(d) Floodplain formation
25. What characterizes valleys in the mature stage of a river?
(a) Shallow and narrow
(b) Deep V-shaped with wider floodplains
(c) Flat with no floodplains
(d) Filled with swamps
26. What feature is typical of old-stage rivers?
(a) Waterfalls
(b) Oxbow lakes
(c) Narrow valleys
(d) Steep gradients
27. What causes sheet erosion?
(a) Linear flow in valleys
(b) Overland flow on general land surfaces
(c) Wind action
(d) Glacier movement
28. What is the initial erosional feature formed by overland flow?
(a) Gullies
(b) Rills
(c) Valleys
(d) Potholes
29. How do gullies evolve from rills?
(a) By deposition
(b) By deepening, widening, and lengthening
(c) By wind action
(d) By glacial erosion
30. What is a gorge?
(a) A wide valley with gentle slopes
(b) A deep valley with steep to straight sides
(c) A flat floodplain
(d) A shallow depression