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Biology MCQ, Class-12, Chapter-12, Ecosystem
Geography MCQ, Class 10, Chapter-7, Lifelines Of national Economy
NCERT Based MCQ with Explanation:
1. What is the term for the highest point of an ocean wave?
(a) Trough
(b) Crest
(c) Amplitude
(d) Frequency
Explanation: The crest is the highest point of a wave, contrasting with the trough, which is the lowest. It defines the wave’s vertical structure, essential for understanding ocean wave dynamics.
2. What measures the vertical distance from a wave’s trough to its crest?
(a) Wavelength
(b) Wave height
(c) Wave period
(d) Wave speed
Explanation: Wave height is the vertical distance between a wave’s trough and crest, indicating its size and energy, critical for assessing wave impact on coastlines and maritime activities.
3. What is one-half of the wave height known as?
(a) Wave period
(b) Wavelength
(c) Wave amplitude
(d) Wave frequency
Explanation: Wave amplitude is half the wave height, measuring the distance from the wave’s midpoint to its crest or trough, key for understanding the wave’s energy distribution.
4. In what unit is wave speed typically measured in the ocean?
(a) Meters per second
(b) Knots
(c) Kilometers per hour
(d) Hertz
Explanation: Wave speed, the rate at which a wave travels through water, is measured in knots, a standard maritime unit, reflecting the wave’s movement across the ocean.
5. What is the time interval between two successive wave crests passing a point?
(a) Wave frequency
(b) Wave period
(c) Wavelength
(d) Wave height
Explanation: Wave period is the time for two consecutive wave crests to pass a fixed point, indicating the temporal cycle of wave motion, crucial for wave analysis.
6. What is the primary source of energy for ocean waves?
(a) Tides
(b) Wind
(c) Gravity
(d) Solar heating
Explanation: Wind blowing over the ocean surface transfers energy to water, generating waves. Wind strength and duration determine the size and energy of the resulting waves.
7. What motion do water particles exhibit beneath ocean waves?
(a) Linear
(b) Circular
(c) Vertical
(d) Random
Explanation: Water particles beneath waves move in a circular motion, rising and moving forward with the crest, then descending and moving backward, facilitating wave propagation.
8. What is the number of waves passing a point in one second called?
(a) Wave period
(b) Wave height
(c) Wave frequency
(d) Wavelength
Explanation: Wave frequency is the number of waves passing a fixed point per second, measured in hertz, indicating wave occurrence rate and influencing coastal erosion.
9. What happens to water particles as a wave trough passes?
(a) They move up and forward
(b) They move down and backward
(c) They remain stationary
(d) They move side to side
Explanation: As a wave trough passes, water particles move down and backward in their circular motion, completing the cycle started by the crest’s upward and forward movement.
10. What characteristic of a wave is the horizontal distance between two crests?
(a) Wave height
(b) Wavelength
(c) Wave period
(d) Wave speed
Explanation: Wavelength is the horizontal distance between two successive crests, a key measure of a wave’s spatial extent, influencing its interaction with the ocean environment.
Geography MCQ, Class-9th, Chapter-5, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife
11. What primarily influences the size of ocean waves?
(a) Tidal range
(b) Wind strength
(c) Ocean depth
(d) Coriolis force
Explanation: Wind strength, along with duration and fetch, determines wave size. Stronger winds transfer more energy, creating larger waves with greater height and amplitude.
12. What is the effect of a wave crest approaching a fixed point?
(a) Water particles sink
(b) Water particles rise and move forward
(c) Water particles move backward
(d) Water particles stop moving
Explanation: As a wave crest approaches, water particles rise and move forward in a circular motion, contributing to wave propagation, then reverse as the trough follows.
13. What wave characteristic is measured as the time between two troughs?
(a) Wave frequency
(b) Wave period
(c) Wavelength
(d) Wave amplitude
Explanation: Wave period is the time interval between two successive troughs or crests passing a point, reflecting the temporal aspect of wave cycles in the ocean.
14. What unit is used to measure wave frequency?
(a) Knots
(b) Meters
(c) Hertz
(d) Seconds
Explanation: Wave frequency, the number of waves passing a point per second, is measured in hertz, indicating the rate of wave occurrence and energy transfer.
15. What is the periodical rise and fall of sea level called?
(a) Wave
(b) Current
(c) Tide
(d) Surge
Explanation: Tides are the periodic rise and fall of sea level, caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, occurring once or twice daily in most regions.
16. What is the primary cause of ocean tides?
(a) Wind
(b) Gravitational pull
(c) Coriolis force
(d) Solar heating
Explanation: Tides are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and, to a lesser extent, the sun, creating tidal bulges that cause regular sea level changes.
17. Which tide occurs when the sun, moon, and Earth are in a straight line?
(a) Neap tide
(b) Diurnal tide
(c) Spring tide
(d) Mixed tide
Explanation: Spring tides occur when the sun, moon, and Earth align, causing higher high tides due to combined gravitational forces, during full and new moon phases.
18. What tide features one high and one low tide daily?
(a) Semi-diurnal tide
(b) Diurnal tide
(c) Mixed tide
(d) Spring tide
Explanation: Diurnal tides have one high and one low tide each day, with similar heights, occurring in specific coastal areas due to local geographical conditions.
19. Where do the world’s highest tides occur?
(a) Gulf of Mexico
(b) Bay of Fundy, Canada
(c) Indian Ocean
(d) Pacific Ocean
Explanation: The Bay of Fundy has the highest tides globally, with tidal bulges of 15–16 meters, amplified by its funnel-shaped geography, creating extreme tidal ranges.
20. What force, with gravity, creates the tidal bulge opposite the moon?
(a) Wind force
(b) Centrifugal force
(c) Coriolis force
(d) Frictional force
Explanation: Centrifugal force, due to Earth’s rotation, creates a tidal bulge on the side opposite the moon, balancing the gravitational pull and forming two tidal bulges.
21. When do neap tides occur relative to spring tides?
(a) Same day
(b) Seven days later
(c) Two weeks later
(d) One month later
22. What is the term for water movement due to winds and pressure changes?
(a) Tide
(b) Surge
(c) Current
(d) Wave
23. What amplifies tidal heights in certain coastal areas?
(a) Deep ocean trenches
(b) Funnel-shaped bays
(c) Coral reefs
(d) Open coastlines
24. What is the tidal bulge height in the Bay of Fundy?
(a) 5–6 meters
(b) 10–12 meters
(c) 15–16 meters
(d) 20–22 meters
25. What is the period when the tide is rising called?
(a) Ebb
(b) Flow
(c) Surge
(d) Drift
26. When is the tidal range greater than normal?
(a) At moon’s apogee
(b) At moon’s perigee
(c) During neap tides
(d) At Earth’s aphelion
27. What type of tide has varying heights and occurs in the Pacific?
(a) Diurnal tide
(b) Semi-diurnal tide
(c) Mixed tide
(d) Spring tide
28. When does the Earth experience greater tidal ranges annually?
(a) July
(b) January
(c) September
(d) April
29. What is the regular flow of water in a definite ocean path called?
(a) Tide
(b) Wave
(c) Ocean current
(d) Surge
30. What force deflects ocean currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere?
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Centrifugal force
(c) Coriolis force
(d) Frictional force
31. What type of current brings cold water to warm areas?
(a) Warm current
(b) Cold current
(c) Surface current
(d) Deep current
32. What causes ocean water to expand near the equator?
(a) Wind
(b) Solar heating
(c) Gravity
(d) Coriolis force
33. What are large circular ocean currents called?
(a) Tides
(b) Gyres
(c) Surges
(d) Waves
34. Where are warm currents typically found in low to middle latitudes?
(a) West coasts
(b) East coasts
(c) Polar regions
(d) Deep basins
35. What is the speed of an ocean current referred to as?
(a) Flow
(b) Drift
(c) Surge
(d) Tide
36. What force pulls water down to create current gradients?
(a) Wind
(b) Gravity
(c) Coriolis force
(d) Solar heating
37. What type of current constitutes about 10% of ocean water?
(a) Deep water current
(b) Cold current
(c) Surface current
(d) Warm current
38. What affects the vertical mobility of ocean currents?
(a) Wave height
(b) Water density
(c) Tidal range
(d) Wind speed
39. What is the typical speed of deep ocean currents?
(a) Less than 0.5 knots
(b) 1–2 knots
(c) 3–5 knots
(d) Over 5 knots
40. What climate do warm currents create on east coasts in subtropical latitudes?
(a) Cold and arid
(b) Warm and rainy
(c) Cool and dry
(d) Mild and foggy
41. Where do cold currents typically originate?
(a) Equatorial regions
(b) Polar regions
(c) Mid-latitudes
(d) Coastal bays
42. What type of current makes up 90% of ocean water?
(a) Surface current
(b) Warm current
(c) Deep water current
(d) Cold current
43. What influences the strength of ocean currents near the surface?
(a) Tidal range
(b) Wind
(c) Wave height
(d) Solar radiation
44. What is the effect of cold currents on west coasts in tropical latitudes?
(a) Warm, rainy climate
(b) Cool, arid climate
(c) Mild, foggy climate
(d) Hot, humid climate
45. What force causes currents to deflect left in the Southern Hemisphere?
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Coriolis force
(c) Centrifugal force
(d) Frictional force
46. What do warm and cold current mixing zones support?
(a) Coral reefs
(b) Plankton growth
(c) Tidal surges
(d) Wave amplification
47. What type of climate do warm currents create in higher latitudes?
(a) Cool and arid
(b) Warm and foggy
(c) Mild and marine
(d) Cold and rainy
48. What drives the movement of deep water currents?
(a) Wind friction
(b) Density variations
(c) Tidal forces
(d) Wave energy
49. What is the typical speed range of surface currents?
(a) Less than 0.5 knots
(b) Up to 5 knots
(c) 6–10 knots
(d) Over 10 knots
50. What pattern do ocean currents follow in middle latitudes?
(a) Cyclonic
(b) Anticyclonic
(c) Linear
(d) Random