NCERT based MCQ of Class 10th, Chapter-3, Metals and Non-Metals with brief explanation for competitive exams like TGT HTET, KVS PGT, TGT NVS, TGT EMRS, SSC and all other state competition exams.
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Summary of the Chapter-3-Metals and Non-Metals with Key-Points:
- Metals are generally shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Non-metals are usually dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Malleability is the property of metals that allows them to be hammered into thin sheets.
- Ductility is the ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires.
- Most metals are solid at room temperature, except mercury, which is a liquid.
- Sodium and potassium are soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
- Gold is the most ductile metal, and a gram of gold can be drawn into a 2 km-long wire.
- Metals like copper and silver are good conductors of heat.
- Metals generally have high melting and boiling points.
- Metals are sonorous; they produce a ringing sound when struck.
- Non-metals can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
- Non-metals like carbon, sulphur, and iodine are solids, while bromine is a liquid.
- Iodine is a non-metal but exhibits a shiny, lustrous appearance.
- Non-metals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, except graphite.
- Most non-metals form acidic oxides when reacting with oxygen.
- Metals form basic oxides, which react with water to form hydroxides.
- Amphoteric oxides, such as aluminium oxide, react with both acids and bases.
- Reactive metals like sodium and potassium react vigorously with water.
- Iron reacts slowly with steam to form iron oxide and hydrogen gas.
- Copper, silver, and gold do not react with water, even at high temperatures.
- Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series displace hydrogen from acids.
- Metals like magnesium and zinc react with dilute acids to release hydrogen gas.
- Highly reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis of their molten compounds.
- Less reactive metals, such as iron, are extracted by reduction with carbon.
- Galvanization is the process of coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting.
- Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal.
- Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, while bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
- Stainless steel is made by adding chromium and nickel to iron.
- The reactivity series ranks metals in order of their reactivity from most to least.
- Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one.
- Anodizing is used to thicken the protective oxide layer on aluminium.
- Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals due to chemical reactions with the environment.
- Rust is a hydrated iron(III) oxide formed when iron reacts with oxygen and water.
- Silver tarnishes when exposed to air due to the formation of silver sulphide.
- The thermite reaction involves aluminium reducing iron oxide to molten iron.
- Aluminium is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and used in aircraft manufacturing.
- Electrolytic refining is used to purify impure metals like copper.
- Metals are extracted from ores, which are minerals containing a high percentage of metal.
- Ores contain impurities called gangue, which must be removed during extraction.
- Roasting involves heating sulphide ores in air to convert them into oxides.
- Calcination is the heating of carbonate ores in the absence of air to form oxides.
- Magnesium and calcium react less violently with water compared to sodium.
- Noble metals like gold and platinum are found in the free state due to low reactivity.
- Mercury forms amalgams with many metals, often used in gold extraction.
- Non-metals like phosphorus and nitrogen are essential components of fertilizers.
- Carbon, in the form of graphite, conducts electricity due to free-moving electrons.
- Aluminium does not corrode easily because of the protective oxide layer it forms.
- Aqua regia is a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid that can dissolve gold.
- Metals like iron and copper form oxides when heated in air, leading to corrosion.
- Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides, such as HCl and NH₃.
1. Which property allows metals to be hammered into thin sheets?
(A) Ductility
(B) Malleability
(C) Sonority
(D) Conductivity
Explanation: Malleability is the property of metals that allows them to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.
2. Which metal is the most ductile?
(A) Copper
(B) Silver
(C) Gold
(D) Iron
Explanation: Gold is the most ductile metal; a single gram of gold can be drawn into a wire over 2 kilometers long.
3. Which metal is known to react violently with water, releasing hydrogen gas?
(A) Sodium
(B) Iron
(C) Copper
(D) Zinc
Explanation: Sodium reacts violently with water, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, which often catches fire due to the heat released.
4. What type of oxide is formed when a metal reacts with oxygen?
(A) Neutral oxide
(B) Acidic oxide
(C) Basic oxide
(D) Amphoteric oxide
Explanation: Most metals form basic oxides when they react with oxygen. For example, magnesium forms magnesium oxide.
5. Which of the following metals does not react with water at all?
(A) Calcium
(B) Magnesium
(C) Iron
(D) Copper
Explanation: Copper does not react with water, even at high temperatures, making it a less reactive metal.
6. What is the process of forming a protective oxide layer on aluminium called?
(A) Galvanization
(B) Electroplating
(C) Anodizing
(D) Rusting
Explanation: Anodizing is a process that thickens the oxide layer on aluminium, enhancing its corrosion resistance.
7. Which non-metal is lustrous?
(A) Sulphur
(B) Iodine
(C) Carbon
(D) Phosphorus
Explanation: Iodine is a non-metal that is lustrous, unlike most non-metals, which are usually dull in appearance.
8. What kind of reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound?
(A) Combination reaction
(B) Decomposition reaction
(C) Displacement reaction
(D) Neutralization reaction
Explanation: In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
9. Which gas is evolved when a metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: When metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is released along with the formation of a salt.
10. Which metal is commonly used for galvanizing iron to protect it from rusting?
(A) Tin
(B) Zinc
(C) Copper
(D) Aluminium
Explanation: Galvanizing is the process of coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting, as zinc provides a protective layer.
11. Which of the following metals can be easily cut with a knife?
(A) Iron
(B) Lead
(C) Sodium
(D) Zinc
Explanation: Sodium is a soft metal that can be easily cut with a knife due to its low density and weak metallic bonding.
12. What is the chemical formula for the rust formed on iron?
(A) FeO
(B) Fe₂O₃
(C) Fe₃O₄
(D) FeO₂
Explanation: Rust is mainly composed of hydrated iron(III) oxide, which has the formula Fe₂O₃.
13. Which metal does not corrode easily and is often used in jewelry?
(A) Iron
(B) Gold
(C) Copper
(D) Aluminium
Explanation: Gold does not corrode easily due to its low reactivity and is thus often used in making jewelry.
14. Which of the following metals is used in the thermite process for joining railway tracks?
(A) Magnesium
(B) Aluminium
(C) Zinc
(D) Copper
Explanation: Aluminium is used in the thermite process because of its high reactivity, which helps in reducing metal oxides to metals.
15. Which oxide of a metal is amphoteric, reacting with both acids and bases?
(A) Sodium oxide
(B) Magnesium oxide
(C) Aluminium oxide
(D) Iron oxide
Explanation: Aluminium oxide is amphoteric, meaning it can react with both acids and bases.
16. What is the process called when a metal loses electrons to form a positive ion?
(A) Oxidation
(B) Reduction
(C) Displacement
(D) Electrolysis
Explanation: Oxidation is the process in which a metal loses electrons to form a positive ion.
17. What type of element generally forms acidic oxides?
(A) Metals
(B) Non-metals
(C) Metalloids
(D) Noble gases
Explanation: Non-metals form acidic oxides when they react with oxygen, such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
18. Which metal is the best conductor of heat?
(A) Aluminium
(B) Silver
(C) Copper
(D) Iron
Explanation: Silver is the best conductor of heat among all metals due to its highly conductive atomic structure.
19. What is the main impurity called that is found with ores during extraction?
(A) Alloy
(B) Gangue
(C) Flux
(D) Slag
Explanation: Gangue refers to the unwanted materials like soil and sand that are present with the ore.
20. Which process is used for refining metals by making them the anode in an electrolytic cell?
(A) Roasting
(B) Calcination
(C) Electrolytic refining
(D) Smelting
Explanation: Electrolytic refining involves purifying metals by making the impure metal the anode and depositing pure metal on the cathode.